Before the creation of the Bulgarian Principality, the main goal of the educated classes was the intellectual awakening of the Bulgarian nation. At that time, Bulgaria was still under foreign rule, and many teachers, writers, and thinkers focused on preserving national identity, culture, and language. Their work helped prepare the people for a future of freedom and self-government.
Political Freedom and Foreign Support
Political freedom did not come easily. It was achieved through a combination of factors, including foreign military intervention and strong pressure from European public opinion, especially from England. These events led to the liberation of Bulgaria and the establishment of a new political system. Once freedom was gained, the situation of the Bulgarian people changed dramatically Bulgaria Tours.
Focus on Political and Economic Development
After liberation, the main attention of Bulgarian governments and national leaders turned to the political and economic improvement of the population. The former “rayas,” or ordinary people who had lived under oppression, now needed better living conditions, stable institutions, and economic opportunities. The priority was no longer only cultural awakening but also practical nation-building.
The government worked to create a functioning state, establish laws, and develop the economy. This required trained administrators, officials, and professionals who could run government offices and local municipalities.
Education as the First Priority
During the first years after liberation, efforts to improve education were mainly focused on primary and secondary schools. This was seen as the most urgent need because the country lacked educated people who could serve in government, teaching, and public administration. Higher education and cultural institutions had to wait until basic educational needs were met.
The Neglect of Fine Arts
In this early period, there was little support for the fine arts, such as painting, music, and literature beyond basic education. This was not because these arts were unimportant, but because the country faced more urgent challenges. Any proposal to fund or promote the fine arts would likely have been ignored and seen as a luxury rather than a necessity.
A Natural and Necessary Stage
This situation was natural for a newly liberated nation. Survival, organization, and development came before cultural refinement. Once the country gained stability and trained professionals, it could later turn its attention to higher forms of cultural expression.