The Bayram Visits of the Ottoman Royal Family
The Sultan’s Female Relatives After the official ceremonies of Bayram were completed, the writer describes another important tradition involving the […]
Bayram Ceremonies at the Ottoman Court
Greetings from the Chief Religious Leaders After the Grand Vizier completed his greeting, the next important person to appear before
Bayram Ceremonies at the Ottoman Palace
Preparing for the Festival The writer continues his description of the Bayram celebrations by explaining the ceremonies held inside the
The Bayram Festival and the Ceremonies of the Ottoman Court
The Two Bayram Festivals The writer explains that Muslims in the Ottoman Empire celebrated two important religious festivals each year.
The Leader of the Pilgrimage and the Gifts Sent to Mecca
Organizing the Pilgrimage The writer explains that the annual pilgrimage to Mecca involved many thousands of people. Because such a
The Fifth Religious Duty The Pilgrimage to Mecca
The Importance of the Pilgrimage The writer describes the fifth important practice of Islam as the pilgrimage to Mecca, known
Ramadan and the Practice of Giving Charity
The Changing Time of Ramadan The writer explains that the month of Ramadan follows the Islamic lunar calendar rather than
The Month of Ramadan Fasting and Its Origins
Fasting During the Day The writer continues his description of the Muslim month of Ramadan, explaining that people spend the
The Month of Ramadan and Fasting in Islam
Historical Background The passage begins with the author’s comments on the political struggles between the Ottoman Empire and the Christian
Muslim Prayer and a European Observer’s Opinion
A Scene of Quiet Worship The writer continues describing the way Muslims prayed, especially in the Ottoman Empire. He says