Military Forces in Ottoman Anatolia
The Military Importance of Anatolia Anatolia was one of the most important provinces of the Ottoman Empire. Located in present-day […]
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Bayram Ceremonies at the Ottoman Palace
Preparing for the Festival The writer continues his description of the Bayram celebrations by explaining the ceremonies held inside the
The Religious Order and the Bektashi Tradition
Clothing and Appearance of the Followers The members of this religious order wear white caps made of several pieces of
The Munafihi Belief in Soul Transmigration
The story began during a conversation about the soul of a recently deceased Mufti. Albertus Bobouius, a learned visitor in
Condemnation of Persian Heresy
If a Christian is condemned for claiming the Trinity in God, why should the Persian expect better treatment? Persians are
The Mahometan Representation of Heaven
The Mahometan religion presents a very physical and material view of heaven. It describes delights for the followers with gross
Decline of French Influence in the Ottoman Court
At one time, the French ambassador enjoyed special privileges in the Ottoman Empire. He was invited to secret councils and
The Roman Example of Citizenship
The Romans clearly understood the advantage of welcoming foreigners into their state. They created a law called jus civitatis, which
Different Policies for Old and New Lands
It is important to explain another point of Ottoman policy. While the Turks believed it was useful to keep some
The Role of the Reis Efendi
The Mufti will be discussed later in its proper place. Here we will focus on the Reis Efendi, whose title