Military Forces in the Ottoman Provinces of Karamania and Diyarbakır
The Province of Karamania Karamania was one of the important provinces of the Ottoman Empire in central Anatolia. Like other […]
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Bayram Ceremonies at the Ottoman Court
Greetings from the Chief Religious Leaders After the Grand Vizier completed his greeting, the next important person to appear before
Criticism and Reputation of the Bektashi Order
Opposition from Religious Authorities Despite its influence, the Bektashi order was strongly criticized by a group of strict religious scholars
The Munafihi Sect
The Munafihi is a sect that is strongly influenced by Pythagorean ideas. They believe in the metempsychosis, or the transmigration
The Early Heroes of the Faith
Was not Ebubecher the first to embrace the faith? Was not Omar the brave champion of the Mahometan religion against
Attitude of the Turks Toward Jews
The Turks have historically disliked and mistrusted the Jews. They often called them “forsaken by God” because Jews were spread
Hungarian Allegiance and the Emperor
Many Hungarians were reluctant to remain fully loyal to the Holy Roman Emperor. The Emperor did not offer them freedom
Open Profession of the Christian Faith
In spite of tyranny and many clever plans made against it, the Christian faith continued to be openly professed in
Roman Policy on Empire Expansion
Augustus Caesar, one of the wisest and most careful Roman emperors, carefully considered the size and limits of the Roman
The North African Provinces of the Empire
To this long list of Ottoman governments, one might also add Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli in Barbary. However, these provinces