Zaims and Timariots in the Ottoman Land System
The Ottoman Military Land System One of the most important features of the Ottoman Empire was its land-based military system. […]
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Ramadan and the Practice of Giving Charity
The Changing Time of Ramadan The writer explains that the month of Ramadan follows the Islamic lunar calendar rather than
The Founder Ibrahim Edhem and His Followers
The Founder of the Order The original founder of this religious order was a man named Ibrahim Edhem. His followers
Historical Context of the Brcktajlj and Kid Kalya
In earlier times, particularly during the rule of Brcktajlj Dga$, Kid Kalya, Mahomet-dga, and others, certain groups engaged in rebellious
Religious Hatred Between Turks and Persians
The conflict between the Turks and Persians was not only political but also deeply religious. Ottoman rulers often presented their
The Harsh Edicts Against Christians
After Mahomet’s power grew, his edicts toward Christians became strict and violent. These orders encouraged war, bloodshed, and the enslavement
The Importance of Careful Conduct
An ambassador in the Ottoman Empire had to be extremely circumspect and careful. Even a small insult or loss of
Suspicion Is Enough for Destruction
In the Ottoman Empire, if a powerful man was suspected of planning rebellion or causing unrest, suspicion alone could lead
The Desolation of Asia and the Strength of the Ottoman Empire
At first sight, it may seem strange to say that the destruction and ruin which the Turks made in their
The Government of Kars
The fifteenth province was the Government of the Pasha of Kars, a city located near Erzurum, close to the eastern