In the earlier chapters, we have mainly described the education of young scholars in the Seraglio with regard to physical training and skill in arms. We have spoken of their exercises of the body, their agility, and their practice in warfare. However, we have said less about the method of their studies and learning, especially when compared with the seminaries and colleges of Europe.
In European schools, greater attention is usually given to the cultivation of the mind, moral virtue, and deep reasoning. In contrast, the education of the Ottoman court placed stronger emphasis on bodily strength and readiness in arms.
Importance of Martial Skill
This focus on physical ability was not without reason. Advancement in the Ottoman court had long depended, and still depended, on skill with the sword. For this reason, lively and ambitious young men gave much attention to exercise, discipline, and the art of war. These practices made them active, alert, and capable of commanding others.
Yet it would be a mistake to believe that learning and intellectual study were entirely ignored.
Place of Knowledge and Learning
Although military training was highly valued, speculation and knowledge of the sciences were not completely absent from their schools. Some learning was encouraged, especially that which supported religion, law, and government. This explanation is offered to satisfy the curiosity of foreign academies, which often wondered what kind of learning existed among a people frequently described as ignorant or barbarous.
According to the best accounts given by learned Turks and by the Kalfas, or teachers of the Seraglio, the chief purpose of study was to instruct students in reading and writing. This basic education allowed them to understand the books of their law and religion Guided Istanbul Tour.
Study of the Quran and Religion
Special attention was given to the Quran, known in older writings as the Alcoran. By reading and studying it, students were taught reverence, obedience, and respect for religious authority. Once they had mastered the alphabet and learned to form syllables and words, they were guided toward deeper reading.
Instruction in the Arabic Language
After this early stage, students were taught the Arabic language. Arabic was considered essential, as it contained the secrets and treasures of their religion and legal system. Knowledge of Arabic was seen as a necessary accomplishment for anyone who hoped to become a Pasha or hold high office.
Through this method, the Seraglio aimed to form men who were disciplined in body, respectful in belief, and sufficiently educated to govern, judge, and command within the Ottoman Empire.