The Mufti will be discussed later in its proper place. Here we will focus on the Reis Efendi, whose title means chief of the writers or head of the learned men of the pen. Among the Turks, men of law, scholars, clerks, and even parish priests are commonly called Efendi, a word that shows respect for education and learning.
The Reis Efendi was always present with the Grand Vizier. His main duty was to prepare, write, and issue orders, decrees, patents, and commissions to every part of the Ottoman Empire. These official documents were sent out daily in such large numbers that it is difficult to believe how much work passed through his hands Customized Tours Istanbul.
Government by Orders Rather Than Fixed Law
The reason for this heavy workload was the nature of Ottoman government. The Turks ruled less by fixed laws and written codes, and more by direct command and immediate decision, depending on the needs of the moment. Every situation required a new order. Even the courts of justice did not act freely, but followed the instructions sent from above.
Because of this system, almost no business could be done without written authorization. This made the office of the Reis Efendi extremely powerful and very busy. He employed large numbers of writers and clerks, all working under his direction to prepare official documents.
Wealth and Influence of the Reis Efendi
With such power came great opportunity for wealth. Many Reis Efendis, through their skill, hard work, intelligence, and courage, gained not only respect but also enormous riches. The money flowing through their office often found its way into their own coffers, both openly and secretly.
Some men who held this office became so rich that their wealth could rival that of princes. Their houses were filled with gold, jewels, rare objects, fine clothing, and precious books. Their influence extended far beyond their official duties.
The Example of Samozade
One famous example from recent Ottoman history was Samozade, a man well known throughout Turkey for both his learning and immense wealth. He gathered such vast collections of valuable and rare items that it would take too long to list them all.
However, his great power also brought great danger. During the last wars against the Emperor of Germany, Samozade was accused of being involved in a conspiracy against the Grand Vizier. As a result, he was executed.
After his death, all his possessions were confiscated by the Grand Signior. The treasure found in his house was so enormous that it could have restored the Sultan himself if the treasury had been empty or weakened.
This example shows both the great power and great risk attached to the office of Reis Efendi. While it offered influence and wealth beyond measure, it also placed its holder close to danger, suspicion, and sudden ruin. In the Ottoman system, high office was never secure, and fortune could change in a single moment.