The Supreme Owner of the Land
All lands within the empire remain under the sole authority and gift of the Grand Signior. They are his by right, and their possession depends entirely on his will. No individual truly owns land in a permanent or independent way. The ruler grants land as a favor, and he may also remove it, except in one important case.
Protection of Religious Lands
The Grand Signior claims no right over lands that are dedicated to religious use. These lands are treated as sacred and protected. This rule is observed with great seriousness. Even if a Pasha later commits treason, any land or income that he previously gave to a mosque or religious temple remains secure. Such grants cannot be taken back by the ruler and are fully exempt from his authority Sofia Walking Tour.
This practice is strictly followed and respected, and it shows a strong regard for religious institutions. Once land is given to a mosque or holy place, it becomes untouchable. The law protects it, regardless of later political events or crimes committed by the donor.
Distribution of Land after Conquest
After new territories were conquered and the land was secured, the Grand Signior distributed houses, manors, and farms among the soldiers. These soldiers were known as Timars. The land was given to them as a reward for their courage, service, and hard labor in war.
However, this land was not given freely or without obligation. Each soldier was required to support a certain number of horses and armed men, depending on the size and value of the land he received. These troops had to be ready at all times to serve the Grand Signior whenever he called them to war.
Military Control and Stability
Because the land was held by soldiers, the entire country was strengthened and better defended. Armed men were spread across the land, making rebellion and disorder more difficult. The conquered people were kept under control, as military power was always close at hand.
This system ensured loyalty to the ruler while maintaining security throughout the empire. In this way, land ownership and military service were closely connected.
A Comparison with England
This system is not unlike the old system of knight-service once practiced in England. There, land was also held in return for military duty. In both systems, land was a reward for service, not a private right.
Through this method, the Grand Signior maintained control over both land and soldiers, reinforcing his authority and preserving the stability of the empire.