The Emperor as God’s Representative on Earth
The absolute and unlimited power of the Ottoman Emperor is clearly shown by the titles given to him. He is called God on earth, the shadow of God, brother of the Sun and Moon, and the giver of all earthly crowns. These titles reveal how great his authority is believed to be, not only over people but over the whole world.
Although the Turks do not build altars or offer sacrifices to their Emperor, as the Romans once did to their rulers, the idea they have of his power comes very close to worship. They believe that a divine light rests upon him and that his authority is guided by heaven. This belief creates a kind of image or fantasy of divinity around his person, which may be described as a form of symbolic idolatry.
The Emperor Above the Law
Among Turkish judges and lawyers, it is commonly said that the Grand Signior is above the law. This means that no written law can limit him. Whatever is written may be changed or ignored by his command. His word itself becomes law, and he alone has the power to interpret it.
Although the Mufti, the chief religious authority, is often consulted, this is done mainly for custom, formality, and to satisfy the people. When the Mufti’s judgment does not support the Emperor’s wishes, he may be removed from office immediately and replaced by another who better serves the ruler’s purpose. I have personally known such changes to happen without delay Sightseeing Sofia.
Oaths, Promises, and Imperial Will
Some believe that even the Emperor’s oaths and promises can be withdrawn if keeping them would limit his absolute authority. If a vow interferes with the interests of the Empire, it may be set aside.
I remember occasions when the English Ambassador complained that agreements and treaties had been broken. He argued that the Grand Signior had no right to violate peace articles that he had confirmed with solemn oaths. In response, the interpreters avoided directly questioning the Emperor’s power. Instead, they carefully appealed to his justice, wisdom, honor, and mercy. They suggested that it was right and beneficial for him to maintain peace with the King of England.
Power and Princely Authority
This approach follows an old principle, even known in Roman law, that the ruler’s authority is supreme but best exercised with justice and restraint. In the Ottoman system, however, the Emperor’s will remains the final rule, standing above law, promise, and custom alike.