In the Ottoman Empire, ambassadors were often treated harshly, in ways very different from the respectful customs of ancient Rome or other civilized nations. This behavior was based on a particular belief and principle the Turks held about the role of an ambassador.
The Dual Role of an Ambassador
The Turks considered an ambassador to have two main functions. First, the ambassador represented the desires of his sovereign to the Grand Signior, raising complaints about breaches of treaties, grievances against merchants, or other abuses. The goal was to ensure satisfaction, redress, and correction of any wrongs committed within Ottoman territories Private Tours Bulgaria.
Second, the ambassador was considered a hostage or pledge, called a Mahpous. In this role, he became personally responsible for the behavior of his country. If his sovereign violated the terms of a treaty or harmed Ottoman interests, the ambassador could be punished. The Turks used this system to ensure that foreign rulers followed agreements and that goods belonging to Ottoman citizens, loaded on foreign vessels, were protected.
Example from Holland
A notable example occurred in 1663. The Dutch ambassador was imprisoned in Adrianople because a Dutch ship carrying Ottoman goods had been captured by Maltese warships near Alexandria. The cargo included goods owned by the Grand Signior and other high-ranking officials. The ambassador could not be released until he promised to pay 85,000 dollars within 120 days, representing the full value of the Ottoman interest in the matter.
Purpose of This System
This practice shows that the Ottoman Empire valued practical security over ceremonial respect. By treating ambassadors as both representatives and hostages, the empire ensured that foreign nations would comply with treaties, protect Ottoman property, and maintain proper behavior in diplomatic and commercial matters. The system also made ambassadors highly vulnerable, demonstrating the risks of diplomatic service in the empire.
Unlike European traditions, where ambassadors were often protected from personal responsibility, the Ottoman Empire used the position to enforce compliance and safeguard interests. Ambassadors held an important but dangerous role, acting as mediators for their sovereign while also serving as a pledge for their nation’s good conduct.