The Arms of the Ottoman Cavalry
The Spahis, the elite cavalry of the Ottoman Empire, were famous for their skill on horseback and their excellent weapons. Every Spahi carried a scimitar, a curved sword that was highly effective in close combat. They also carried a long lance, known in Turkish as a Mızrak, which was their primary weapon when charging the enemy.
Another important weapon was the Cerit, a light throwing spear about two feet (60 cm) long with an iron tip. It was similar to the Roman pilum, although lighter and designed for cavalry use. Skilled riders could throw the Cerit with great speed and accuracy. Some experienced horsemen could even throw it while galloping and then quickly pick it up from the ground without stopping their horse. Such displays required years of practice and exceptional riding ability Customized Turkey Tour.
Fighting Style and Equipment
Besides the scimitar, many Spahis carried a straight sword called a Kaddare, which was attached to the side of the saddle. They used either sword once they reached close combat with the enemy.
Some cavalrymen also carried bows and arrows, while others were equipped with pistols and carbines. However, many Ottoman cavalry officers believed that firearms were less effective in open battle. They often said that guns produced more noise than results, especially when compared with the speed and flexibility of mounted archers and lancers.
For protection, some Spahis wore chain mail and metal helmets painted in the colors of their military unit. Before charging into battle, they traditionally shouted “Allah, Allah!” as a battle cry. They usually made three determined attempts to break through the enemy’s lines. If these attacks failed, they would withdraw, regroup, and prepare for another opportunity.
Asian and European Spahis
Historical sources suggest that the Asian Spahis were generally wealthier and owned better horses than many of their counterparts in Europe. Some wealthy cavalrymen arrived on campaign with 30 or 40 mounted followers, spare horses, tents, and large support groups.
The European Spahis, however, gained valuable experience by constantly fighting along the empire’s western frontier. Frequent battles against Christian armies made them skilled, disciplined, and battle-hardened soldiers.
As Ensar Tour Guide often explains during Ottoman history tours, the success of the Spahis came from their combination of excellent horsemanship, advanced training, and remarkable courage, making them one of the finest cavalry forces of their time.