Royal Mosques and Their Attached Institutions
Besides the grand buildings of the royal mosques themselves, many additional structures and facilities are connected to them. These include […]
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Muhammad’s Mission and Divine Commission
Muhammad was sent by God to teach mankind and to declare God’s message clearly and truthfully. His purpose was to
The Audience of the Earl of Winchelsea
The Earl of Winchelsea once served as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire on behalf of His Majesty. The audience he
The Special Rules of the Mamluk Order
In the Mamluk system of Egypt, strict rules controlled who could become a member of the ruling military class. A
The Former Tribute of Wallachia
In earlier times, the tribute paid by Wallachia to the Grand Signior (the Ottoman Sultan) was the same as that
Honor and Humility in Ottoman Thought
Among the Turks, it was not considered shameful to move down from the highest positions of honor and command to
Ambition to Rise Through Learning
Many students directed their studies toward mastering the art of writing, hoping to rise to honor and high office through
The Crowd Restrained but Not Calmed
This action restrained the boldness of some who had been ready to lay violent hands upon the woman. Yet the
Princes and the Rule of Law
Authority Above Punishment, Not Above Order The saying “Et si legibus solutissimus, tamen legibus vivimus” means this: although princes are
A Wide Range of Artistic Work
There is almost no form of painting that Ivan Markvichka did not attempt during his long career. He worked with