The Pay and Discipline of the Ottoman Spahis
Discipline and Punishment The Ottoman Empire maintained strict discipline among its elite cavalry, the Spahis. Soldiers who committed serious crimes […]
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The Ottoman Empire Change Expansion and Endurance
A Changing Empire Like many great empires in history, the Ottoman Empire changed over time. Early European writers often observed
The Third Form of Divorce in the Ottoman Empire
The Most Serious Type of Divorce In this passage, the author describes what he considers the third and most serious
The Dervish Monasteries and Their Travels
Monasteries Across the Ottoman Empire The dervishes maintained monasteries and religious houses in many of the most important cities and
Modern Sects Among the Turks
Throughout history, Islam has seen the rise of many sects, especially among the Turks. Each teacher or scholar often creates
Endowments and Wealth of Turkish Mosques
In summary, the wealth and support of Turkish mosques come from a combination of donations, lands, rents, and charitable gifts.
Muhammad’s Mission and Divine Commission
Muhammad was sent by God to teach mankind and to declare God’s message clearly and truthfully. His purpose was to
The French Ambassador in the Ottoman Court
The French ambassador, Sieur la Haye, faced harsh and unusual treatment while serving in the Ottoman Empire. He represented the
Who Could Join the Republic
In this system, only certain men were allowed to become members of the republic. They were either men who had
Additional Payments and Gifts
The castles that had been taken were redeemed for a certain sum of money, yet they still remained in the