A Cultural Journey from Bulgaria to Ephesus
Add archaeology to your travel plans A Bulgaria holiday can take many forms, from city breaks to coastal escapes. For
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The Pay and Discipline of the Ottoman Spahis
Discipline and Punishment The Ottoman Empire maintained strict discipline among its elite cavalry, the Spahis. Soldiers who committed serious crimes
Changes in the Ottoman Military and Government
The Ottoman Empire at Its Greatest Strength During the reigns of famous sultans such as Selim I and Suleiman the
The Ottoman Sultan and the Tradition of Not Marrying
A Unique Rule for the Sultan The author begins by pointing out what he believed was a surprising difference between
The Dervish Monasteries and Their Travels
Monasteries Across the Ottoman Empire The dervishes maintained monasteries and religious houses in many of the most important cities and
Beliefs About Knowing God Among Muslim Sects
Among Islamic scholars, there have been many debates about how humans can know God and who can be considered holy.
Belief in Predestination and Destiny
The Turks hold a strong belief that every person’s destiny is written on their forehead at birth. They call this
Fair Taxation
Christians are to be taxed only according to their ability. No one shall pay more than they can afford. Those
The Young French Ambassador Arrives
When the son of the elderly French ambassador arrived at the Ottoman court, he was immediately called to an audience.
Preventing Early Claims to the Throne
The Ottoman rulers were deeply concerned about the danger of rebellion within the royal family. They feared that if princes