Roman Policy on Empire Expansion
Augustus Caesar, one of the wisest and most careful Roman emperors, carefully considered the size and limits of the Roman
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The North African Provinces of the Empire
To this long list of Ottoman governments, one might also add Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli in Barbary. However, these provinces
Origins of the Palace Servants
These servants were rarely the sons of native-born Turks. Instead, they were gathered each year, as previously mentioned, from the
Discipline and Obedience
The Turks believe that those who know how to obey are best prepared to govern. At first, young men in
The Vizier Faces the Janissary Leaders
A Cold and Calculated Reception When the Grand Vizier arrived at the mosque, Bektas Aga did not come forward to
A Humble Address to a Statesman
The author begins by expressing humility. He admits that it would be great presumption for him to offer personal observations
The Lasting Role of Settled Foreign Artists
Foreign artists played an important role in the early development of fine arts in Bulgaria. However, their influence was not
Difficulties During the Russo-Turkish War
During the Russo-Turkish War, many of the early agricultural banks suffered serious losses. Officials of the Turkish Government removed large