Exposure to Disease and Fearlessness
The Turks’ belief in predestination and fate greatly influences how they respond to contagious diseases, including the plague. Because they […]
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Voluntary Marriage and Freedom of Choice
Marriage must always be voluntary. A bride or groom cannot be forced into marriage against their will. The decision to
Treatment of German Ambassadors
In the Ottoman Empire, even the most respected ambassadors were not always treated according to European standards of diplomacy. Representatives
Greed and Sudden Wealth
When we consider all these circumstances together, we can better understand the condition of the Ottoman government. Many of the
The Meaning of the “Seven Banners”
This small republic was sometimes called “the Seven Banners.” This name had a special meaning. It suggested that, in order
The Vast Wealth of a Greedy Vizier
If a Grand Vizier is naturally careful with money and used to living frugally, he often decides to lose nothing
Affection and Attachment Among Women
According to early observers, strong emotional attachments were also said to exist among women within Ottoman society. These writers claimed
Reaction to the Queen’s Death
The news of the Old Queen’s death reached the old Chamber of the Janizaries. Several of them, along with some
The Meaning of “Kul” in the Ottoman State
Servants of the Crown All those who receive wages from the imperial treasury, or who hold any office connected with
Nicola Petroff Master of Watercolour
Another important pupil of Jaroslav Veshin, and a member of the Society of Modern Art, is Nicola Petroff. He is