The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Spahis
An Elite Military Order For many centuries, the Spahis were among the most respected soldiers of the Ottoman Empire. They […]
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Changes in the Janissary Corps and Military Service
The Traditional Role of the Janissaries The Janissaries were once the elite soldiers of the Ottoman Empire and were considered
Circumcision Ceremonies in the Ottoman Empire
Religious Leaders and Everyday Life In this passage, the author continues his discussion of circumcision and explains an important feature
The Rituals and Practices of the Kadri Dervishes
The Ceremony of Chanting The Kadri dervishes were known for their intense and emotional religious ceremonies. During their gatherings, they
Atheism Among the Turks
In this chapter, we will describe the various religions and sects among the Turks. It is not our main purpose
Fleeing During Plagues
The Wise and the General Population While many Turks faced contagious diseases with reckless courage, some people chose a different
Courtesy and Protection
Muslims are commanded to treat Christians with courtesy and respect. They must avoid any oppression, violence, or unfair treatment. Christians
Turkish View of Ambassadors
In the Ottoman Empire, ambassadors were often treated harshly, in ways very different from the respectful customs of ancient Rome
False Witness and Religious Bias
Another serious problem in the Ottoman courts was the ease with which some people gave false witness. It was said
The Meaning of the “Seven Banners”
This small republic was sometimes called “the Seven Banners.” This name had a special meaning. It suggested that, in order