The Muteferrika Cavalry and the Beginning of the Janissaries
The Muteferrika: An Elite Cavalry Unit Besides the regular Spahis, the Ottoman Empire also had a smaller and more prestigious […]
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The Main Divisions of the Ottoman Military
Two Types of Ottoman Soldiers The Ottoman military was carefully organized into different groups, each serving the empire in a
The Form of Muslim Prayer
The Words Used in Prayer The original writer explains that the exact form of Muslim prayers is not taken entirely
The Kadri Dervishes and Their Founder
Marriage and Daily Appearance The members of the Kadri order were not forbidden to marry. Unlike some religious groups that
The Kadezadeli Sect and Burial Ceremonies
The Kadezadeli sect arose during the time of Sultan Monty, and its main leader was a man named Birgali Ejfeadi.
Religious Differences and Disputes Among the Turks
Even among people who share the same basic principles of religion, there is often a wide range of beliefs and
Protection of Christians
Christians living among Muslims must not be oppressed or mistreated. They should not be hated, forced to carry letters, show
The Turkish View of Ambassadors
In the Ottoman Empire, the Turks did not make distinctions between different types of foreign representatives. Whether a person was
The Power of the Grand Signior
In the Ottoman system, the first concern was always the power of the ruler, known as the Grand Signior, or
The Tributaries of Georgia and Mingrelia
Georgia and Mingrelia were also among the lands that became tributaries to the Ottoman Empire. These regions were located between