The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Spahis
An Elite Military Order For many centuries, the Spahis were among the most respected soldiers of the Ottoman Empire. They […]
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Corruption and Changes in the Ottoman Military System
The Importance of Military Honor The Ottoman military was once respected for its discipline, loyalty, and strong sense of honor.
The Five Necessary Practices of a Muslim
Washing and Cleanliness The original text explains one of the important practices in Islam: washing before worship. It was written
The Kadri Dervishes and Their Founder
Marriage and Daily Appearance The members of the Kadri order were not forbidden to marry. Unlike some religious groups that
The Kadezadeli Sect and Burial Ceremonies
The Kadezadeli sect arose during the time of Sultan Monty, and its main leader was a man named Birgali Ejfeadi.
Exposure to Disease and Fearlessness
The Turks’ belief in predestination and fate greatly influences how they respond to contagious diseases, including the plague. Because they
Voluntary Marriage and Freedom of Choice
Marriage must always be voluntary. A bride or groom cannot be forced into marriage against their will. The decision to
Treatment of German Ambassadors
In the Ottoman Empire, even the most respected ambassadors were not always treated according to European standards of diplomacy. Representatives
Greed and Sudden Wealth
When we consider all these circumstances together, we can better understand the condition of the Ottoman government. Many of the
The Meaning of the “Seven Banners”
This small republic was sometimes called “the Seven Banners.” This name had a special meaning. It suggested that, in order