The Organization of the Ottoman Military
The Strength of the Ottoman Army The Ottoman Empire became one of the largest and most influential empires in history […]
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Circumcision Ceremonies in the Ottoman Empire
Religious Leaders and Everyday Life In this passage, the author continues his discussion of circumcision and explains an important feature
Spiritual Practices and Beliefs of the Sufi Order
The Secret Prayer of the Convent Leader The leader, or Prior, of this religious convent taught his disciples a special
The Kadezadeli Sect and Burial Ceremonies
The Kadezadeli sect arose during the time of Sultan Monty, and its main leader was a man named Birgali Ejfeadi.
Sects and Heresies Among the Turks
It is commonly believed that there are seventy-two sects among the Turks, though the actual number is probably higher. The
Reward for Obedience
Mahomet, the Messenger of God, promised that Christians who faithfully follow the rules of the covenant will be rewarded. This
Turkish View of Ambassadors
In the Ottoman Empire, ambassadors were often treated harshly, in ways very different from the respectful customs of ancient Rome
Greater Security for Trade and Property
The special rule requiring written proof brought great safety to trade and to the estates of merchants. Before this protection,
Ragusa Seeks Ottoman Protection
Before the final fall of the Greek Empire, the leaders of Ragusa took an important political step. They sent ambassadors
The Rank Below the Grand Vizier
Next in authority after the Grand Vizier, also called the Vizier Azem or First Vizier, are the officials known as